Abstract
Abstract. This research intends to characterize the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) by applying the power spectrum analysis approach. The motivation to study the SAA region is due to its nature. A comparison was made between the stations in the SAA region and outside the SAA region during the geomagnetic storm occurrence (active period) and the normal period where no geomagnetic storm occurred. The horizontal component of the data of the Earth's magnetic field for the occurrence of the active period was taken on 11 March 2011 while for the normal period it was taken on 3 February 2011. The data sample rate used is 1 min. The outcome of the research revealed that the SAA region had a tendency to be persistent during both periods. It can be said that the region experiences these characteristics because of the Earth's magnetic field strength. Through the research, it is found that as the Earth's magnetic field increases, it is likely to show an antipersistent value. This is found in the high-latitude region. The lower the Earth's magnetic field, the more it shows the persistent value as in the middle latitude region. In the region where the Earth's magnetic field is very low like the SAA region it shows a tendency to be persistent.
Highlights
Electromagnetic radiation and charged particles from the Sun constantly reach the Earth (Domingos et al, 2017)
There are 15 stations involved: 5 stations were located in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region, 5 stations were located in the midlatitude region, and another 5 stations were in the high-latitude region
The red periodogram represents the active period while the blue periodogram represents the normal period
Summary
Electromagnetic radiation and charged particles from the Sun constantly reach the Earth (Domingos et al, 2017). Protons and electrons from the aurora, the high-speed solar wind, the radiation belts, or large solar coronal mass ejections penetrate into the Earth’s atmosphere in different regions of the terrestrial magnetosphere (Sinnhuber et al, 2016). The Earth is surrounded by an almost spherical magnetic field, the magnetosphere, which is a natural shielding of the Earth’s surface to solar and galactic cosmic-ray particles of up to several GeV (gigaelectronvolts) in energy (Ugusto et al, 2016). The interaction of the solar wind with the magnetic field and atmosphere of the Earth causes, among other effects, disturbances in the ionosphere (Andalsvik and Jacobsen, 2014). The existence of the Earth’s magnetic field protects the world from danger such as geomagnetic storms. The region arises due to the offset of the Earth’s dipole of about 436 km from the Earth’s center towards the direction of southeast Asia (Asikainen and Mursula, 2008)
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