Abstract
The performance of the recently commissioned spectrometer PEAXIS for resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering (RIXS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and its hosting beamline U41-PEAXIS at the BESSY II synchrotron are characterized. The beamline provides linearly polarized light from 180 eV to 1600 eV allowing for RIXS measurements in the range 200-1200 eV. The monochromator optics can be operated in different configurations to provide either high flux with up to 1012 photons s-1 within the focal spot at the sample or high energy resolution with a full width at half maximum of <40 meV at an incident photon energy of ∼400 eV. The measured total energy resolution of the RIXS spectrometer is in very good agreement with theoretically predicted values obtained by ray-tracing simulations. PEAXIS features a 5 m-long RIXS spectrometer arm that can be continuously rotated about the sample position by 106° within the horizontal photon scattering plane, thus enabling the study of momentum-transfer-dependent excitations. Selected scientific examples are presented to demonstrate the instrument capabilities, including measurements of excitations in single-crystalline NiO and in liquid acetone employing a fluid cell sample manipulator. Planned upgrades of the beamline and the RIXS spectrometer to further increase the energy resolution to ∼100 meV at 1000 eV incident photon energy are discussed.
Highlights
The electronic structure and dynamics determine important fundamental properties of materials such as charge and spin transport, novel phases of matter and emergent phenomena originating in strong electronic correlations
It is based on a plane-grating monochromator PEAXIS chamber has been determined by total electron yield (PGM) design, which can achieve high energy resolution, high measurements on a clean Au sample and by recording the flux and a wide energy range coverage by employing a single current on a windowless GaAsP photodiode
For the high-flux mode of operation, we obtain a maximum focal spot size of 3.8 mm  12.4 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM). This small vertical spot size is important for a good energy resolution of the RIXS spectrometer, because it defines the deviation from the optimal incident angle to the grating in the RIXS spectrometer
Summary
The electronic structure and dynamics determine important fundamental properties of materials such as charge and spin transport, novel phases of matter and emergent phenomena originating in strong electronic correlations. It is based on a plane-grating monochromator PEAXIS chamber has been determined by total electron yield (PGM) design, which can achieve high energy resolution, high measurements on a clean Au sample and by recording the flux and a wide energy range coverage by employing a single current on a windowless GaAsP photodiode For the high-flux mode of operation, we obtain a maximum focal spot size of 3.8 mm  12.4 mm FWHM (vertical  horizontal) This small vertical spot size is important for a good energy resolution of the RIXS spectrometer, because it defines the deviation from the optimal incident angle to the grating in the RIXS spectrometer.
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