Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Proso Millet Wine Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Jingke Liu,Yuzong Zhang,Shaohui Li,Songyan Liu,Wei Zhao,Aixia Zhang

doi:10.3390/molecules23020462

Abstract

The volatile compounds in proso millet wine were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (85 μm polyacrylate (PA), 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 75 μm Carboxen (CAR)/PDMS, and 50/30 μm divinylbenzene (DVB)/CAR/PDMS fibers), and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; the odor characteristics and intensities were analyzed by the odor activity value (OAV). Different sample preparation factors were used to optimize this method: sample volume, extraction time, extraction temperature, and NaCl addition. A total of 64 volatile compounds were identified from the wine sample, including 14 esters, seven alcohols, five aldehydes, five ketones, 12 benzene derivatives, 12 hydrocarbons, two terpenes, three phenols, two acids, and two heterocycles. Ethyl benzeneacetate, phenylethyl alcohol, and benzaldehyde were the main volatile compounds found in the samples. According to their OAVs, 14 volatile compounds were determined to be odor-active compounds (OAV > 1), and benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, 1-methyl-naphthalene, 2-methyl-naphthalene, and biphenyl were the prominent odor-active compounds (OAV > 50), having a high OAV. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the difference of distribution of the 64 volatile compounds and 14 odor-active compounds with four solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers.

Highlights

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important grain crop grown in arid areas
There are many factors that can have a direct impact during the HS-solid-phase microextraction (SPME) process
A total of 64 volatile compounds and 14 aroma-active compounds were identified from the sample using SPME with different fibers

Summary

Introduction

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important grain crop grown in arid areas It plays a very important role in the agriculture and food industries in many developing countries because of its capacity to grow under adverse heat and limited rainfall conditions [1]. It has a fairly short growing season and will mature into a grain crop 60–75 days after seeding. Proso millet has better amino acid composition and high nutritive value, which is comparable to that of major cereals such as wheat, corn, and rice [3]

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