Abstract
Key odorants of red wine made from the hybrid grapes of Marselan (Vitis vinifera L.) were isolated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and explored by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis. Application of aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) revealed 43 odor-active compounds, and 31 odorants among them were detected with flavor dilution (FD) factors ranging from 9 to 2187. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS) were exploited to quantitate the aroma-active compounds with FD ≥9. The identification indicated β-damascenone as having the highest FD factors, followed by eugenol, 2,3-butanedione, citronellol, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, phenethyl acetate, guaiacol, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol. A total of 21 compounds were found to have odor activity values (OAVs) >1.0. Aroma reconstitution validation experiments showed a good similarity of blackberry, green pepper, honey, raspberry, caramel, smoky, and cinnamon aroma attributes between the original Marselan wine and the reconstructed wine. In addition, omission tests were carried out to further determine the contribution of odorants to the overall aroma.
Highlights
Marselan (Vitis vinifera L.) is hybrid cultivar of two famous grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache [1]
aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was carried out on the entire set of volatiles isolated by the solid-phase extraction (SPE) method
The qualitative and quantitative determination of key odorants was verified by a reconstitution experiment
Summary
Marselan (Vitis vinifera L.) is hybrid cultivar of two famous grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache [1]. With its strong adaptability to the environment, strong resistance to common diseases, and small berries conducive to extracting aromatic and deep-colored wines with soft tannins, it became a very advantageous grape variety, and was officially registered as a wine grape in France in 1990 [2]. This grape has been gradually accepted and is exclusively used in making some world class wines, especially in “new world” wine countries [3]. China is one of countries with the largest Marselan planting areas. Due to its good performance in China, Marselan might serve as flagship variety in China, like
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