Characterization of the genetic changes in a multi-generational pedigree of an elite Canadian soybean cultivar

Abstract

Genotyping through the pedigrees of elite soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars developed by a breeding program represents an opportunity to explore and characterize various molecular and genetic changes that are a direct result of long-term selection by soybean breeders. For soybeans bred for Ontario Canada, one such elite cultivar was OAC Bayfield, which had exceptional commercial success as well as being a parent of a number of successful cultivars developed by multiple independent breeding programs. A total of 42 genotypes from six different breeding programs, comprising the multi-generational pedigree of OAC Bayfield were genotyped with molecular markers and chromosomal inheritance was tracked throughout the pedigree. Cluster analysis showed high congruence with the known pedigree and identified three distinct ancestral groups. The ancestral genotypes contained the majority of the rare alleles, with the cultivar CNS having the greatest number of unique alleles. The graphical genotype profile for the 20 chromosomes revealed conserved allelic composition which has been assembled in certain chromosomes in the form of specific linkage blocks, which were either a result of recombination involving ancestral linkage blocks or linkage blocks introduced from the cultivar Fiskeby-V. The identification of highly structured, conserved genomic regions are important for future breeding efforts as they are indicators of preferentially selected regions, or conversely, may be a contributing factor to low genetic gains due to mass fixation across a breeding program's germplasm.