Abstract
The mitochondrial genome of Indian mouse deer (Moschiola indica) was sequenced, assembled and characterized for the first time using 22 pairs of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. The mitogenome of M. indica which is 16,444 bp in size was found very similar to most vertebrates in organisation that harbours 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA, 2 ribosomal RNA and 1A + T-rich region. Its comparison with over 52 mitogenomes of the order Artiodactyla, showed a conserved nature of gene organisation, codon usage, gene orientation and evolutionary rates of proteins except that M. indica possesses an extra copy of trnF. The complete mitogenome and protein-coding genes of M. indica were found to be highly A + T biased. Rate of protein evolution was highest in atp8 and lowest in cox3. Further, a higher purifying selection pressure was found to be acting on family Tragulidae compared to Bovidae and Cervidae. The phylogenetic analysis of M. indica placed the Tragulidae as sister-group of all other ruminants, similar to previous analyses. Moschiola forms the sister-group to the other two tragulid genera Tragulus (from Asia) and Hyemoschus (from Africa), which is unexpected as usually the Asian species are thought to form a monophyletic group.
Highlights
The mitochondrial genome of Indian mouse deer (Moschiola indica) was sequenced, assembled and characterized for the first time using 22 pairs of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers
This paper reports the first complete mitochondrial genome of the Indian mouse deer (Moschiola indica), consisting of 16,444 bp (Fig. 1), which is bigger in size than the mitogenome of two other studied tragulid species i.e. South East Asian, Tragulus kanchil (16,333 bp) and African, Hyemoschus aquaticus (16,225 bp)
The complete mitogenome of M. indica encodes a total of 37 genes, out of which 13 were protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and an A + T rich region (Table 1), which is typically observed in vertebrates
Summary
The mitochondrial genome of Indian mouse deer (Moschiola indica) was sequenced, assembled and characterized for the first time using 22 pairs of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. The mitogenome of M. indica which is 16,444 bp in size was found very similar to most vertebrates in organisation that harbours 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA, 2 ribosomal RNA and 1A + T-rich region. The Ruminantia underwent a rapid radiation during the Miocene and Pliocene periods, with many new species appearing and many species disappearing Today, it is one of the most diverse groups in the order Cetartiodactyla, comprising 200 living ruminant species distributed across all continents except Australia and Antarctica[11,12]. The tragulid fossil record includes a number of extinct members but only three genera survived to the present day: Tragulus (South East Asia, six species), Hyemoschus (Africa, one species), and Moschiola
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