Abstract
The permeability and inflammatory tissue reaction to Mucomaix® matrix (MM), a non- cross-linked collagen-based matrix was evaluated in both ex vivo and in vivo settings. Liquid platelet rich fibrin (PRF), a blood concentrate system, was used to assess its capacity to absorb human proteins and interact with blood cells ex vivo. In the in vivo aspect, 12 Wister rats had MM implanted subcutaneously, whereas another 12 rats (control) were sham-operated without biomaterial implantation. On days 3, 15 and 30, explantation was completed (four rats per time-point) to evaluate the tissue reactions to the matrix. Data collected were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparisons tests (GraphPad Prism 8). The matrix absorbed the liquid PRF in the ex vivo study. Day 3 post-implantation revealed mild tissue inflammatory reaction with presence of mononuclear cells in the implantation site and on the biomaterial surface (mostly CD68-positive macrophages). The control group at this stage had more mononuclear cells than the test group. From day 15, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were seen in the implantation site and the outer third of the matrix with marked increase on day 30 and spread to the matrix core. The presence of these CD68-positive MNGCs was associated with significant matrix vascularization. The matrix degraded significantly over the study period, but its core was still visible as of day 30 post-implantation. The high permeability and fast degradation properties of MM were highlighted.
Highlights
Many formulations of collagen-based matrices are currently in use for various soft tissue augmentations and regenerative procedures in medicine and dentistry [1,2,3,4]
The result of the ex vivo study showed that the matrix absorbed the liquid platelet rich fibrin (PRF) with fibrin clots seen within the pores (Figure 1C,D)
The Mucomaix® matrix (MM) was clearly visible in the subcutaneous implantation site of the animal test group throughout the three different time points of this study
Summary
Many formulations of collagen-based matrices are currently in use for various soft tissue augmentations and regenerative procedures in medicine and dentistry [1,2,3,4] Each of these products according to the manufacturers holds the promise of being suitable and functional alternative for autogenous soft tissue grafts, which to date remains the “gold standard” that these other products must meet or even surpass in properties [1,2,3,4]. An attempt at culturing oral epithelial cells for intraoral soft tissue and mucosal grafting was previously made without much success [7], as this has remained only in the in vitro stage without clinical application
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