Characterization of the articular disc and mandibular condyle in healthy individuals and individuals with temporomandibular disorders in relation with several symptoms—ultrasound study

Abstract

Abstract Background Evaluate dimension of the articular disc and condyle between volunteers and patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders previously diagnosed. Understand the symptoms that TMJ can promote using the ultrasound modality. Approved ethics committees of IPC. Methods Sample n = 36, ages [18–45], control group (CG) (n = 20), pathologic group (PG)(n = 16). Images were acquired with US with a linear B-scan (10 MHz) in a transverse plane. Bilateral TMJ study was done with open and closed mouth. A validated questionnaire was done. Results Dimension of the right disc was 0.072 ± 0.021 cm to PG and 0.090 ± 0.018 cm to CG with open mouth. Close mouth was 0.082 ± 0.024 cm to the PG and 0.100 ± 0.014 cm to the CG.The results to the condyle were 0.0351 ± 0.044 cm to PG and 0.378 ± 0.043 cm to CG. To the left side the alterations were in the dimension of the articular disc, the PG with open mouth, 079 ± 0.024 cm and close mouth 0.081 ± 0.019 cm. Significant differences in the symptoms between groups were observed. Symptoms revel that 62.5% have headache and 87% present noise/crackle in the masticatory. Conclusions Right side the PG had reduced articular disc and condyle dimensions when compared to the healthy group. This study shows the possible differences in the articular disc and condyle in PG and CG, also permitted study the TMJ disorders in real time with accuracy. The questionnaire it was possible to determine the main symptoms of the TMJ disorders. These disorders are in relation with de alterations dimension of the articular disc.