Abstract
Neonatal Ca nutrition affects bone development and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) activity; however, its effect on MSC differentiation potential has not been well characterized. We assessed the differentiation potential of both the heterogenous MSC population as well as the individual clones isolated from neonatal pigs (n=5) fed either a Ca deficient, adequate, or excessive diet. The most and least osteogenic (O+/O‐) and the most and least adipogenic (A+/A‐) clones were selected from each pig by functional staining. The MSC from Ca deficient pigs had reduced osteogenic potential and enhanced adipogenic potential based on functional staining and the gene expression of osteocalcin (OC), PPARG, and AP2 compared with MSC from Ca adequate pigs. Interestingly, MSC from pigs receiving excess Ca also had increased adipogenic potential. Evaluation of clonal isolates indicated that the O+ clones from Ca deficient pigs had reduced OC expression (P < 0.05), and O‐ clones from the Ca excess pigs had increased gene expression of both PPARG and AP2. Among the A+ clones of both Ca deficient and excess pigs, Runx2 expression was decreased (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the alterations in the differentiation potential of MSC based on neonatal Ca status of the pig may be caused by changes in both the lineage priming and the lineage allocation of MSC.
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