Characterization of spherical silica–titania mixed oxide particles synthesized by using a dry process

Abstract

Silica–titania mixed oxides have excellent properties, such as a low thermal expansion coefficient and a refractive index that can be adjusted by changing the Ti content. However, when the Ti content increases, silica and titania phases in silica–titania mixed oxides can separate. This phase separation leads to the precipitation of the titania component as rutile or anatase crystals. When silica–titania mixed oxides undergo phase separation, their properties become unstable; for example, the refractive index of the particles becomes non-uniform. Therefore, it is preferable to synthesize silica–titania mixed oxides in an amorphous state without causing phase separation. Based on our previous studies on particle size control in silica synthesis, we employed a dry process using organosilicon compounds to synthesize silica–titania mixed oxides. In this study, spherical amorphous silica–titania mixed oxide particles were obtained via flame synthesis using organosilicon and organotitanium compounds. The purpose of this study was to characterize the obtained powder and explore the possibility of controlling particle size during synthesis. By studying the dry process synthesis of spherical silica–titania mixed oxide particles, we confirmed the relationships: between the Si/Ti molar ratio and the obtained crystal structure and between the adiabatic flame temperature and the particle size.