Characterization of Soil Bacteria with Potential to Degrade Benzoate and Antagonistic to Fungal and Bacterial Phytopathogens.

Tatiana Z Esikova,Inna P Solyanikova,Nataliya E Suzina,Tatiana O Anokhina,Tatiana N Abashina

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9040755

Abstract

The intensive development of agriculture leads to the depletion of land and a decrease in crop yields and in plant resistances to diseases. A large number of fertilizers and pesticides are currently used to solve these problems. Chemicals can enter the soil and penetrate into the groundwater and agricultural plants. Therefore, the primary task is to intensify agricultural production without causing additional damage to the environment. This problem can be partially solved using microorganisms with target properties. Microorganisms that combine several useful traits are especially valuable. The aim of this work was to search for new microbial strains, which are characterized by the ability to increase the bioavailability of nutrients, phytostimulation, the antifungal effect and the decomposition of some xenobiotics. A few isolated strains of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas were characterized by high activity against fungal phytopathogens. One of the bacterial strains identified as Priestia aryabhattai on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence was characterized by an unusual cellular morphology and development cycle, significantly different from all previously described bacteria of this genus. All isolated bacteria are capable of benzoate degradation as a sign of the ability to degrade aromatic compounds. Isolated strains were shown to be prospective agents in biotechnologies.

Highlights

The continuously increasing level of environmental pollution leads to the need for the development of biotechnologies for environment remediation
For the development of biological products, preference has been given to strains that combine such useful properties as the biocontrol of phytopathogens and stimulation of plant growth, as well as the ability of the biodegradation of xenobiotics
The ability of soil strains to inhibit the growth of fungi Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Fusarium graminearum and Rhizoctonia solani was studied

Summary

Introduction

The continuously increasing level of environmental pollution leads to the need for the development of biotechnologies for environment remediation. Soil is an extremely complex habitat, rich in microorganisms and characterized by a high diversity of microbial communities. The number of microorganisms is several billion cells per gram of soil, and the biodiversity reaches hundreds of thousands of species of bacteria and archaea [1]. The rhizosphere is the most microorganism-rich part of the soil due to the mutual positive influence of plants and microorganisms on each other. Soil is a depository of biological diversity and a kind of biochemical reactor, since microorganisms constantly carry out many enzymatic reactions/processes, including the degradation of xenobiotics and pollutants of natural origin [2,3,4,5]. The microbial community is the most important ecological indicator of “soil health”, which reflects

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