Characterization of small active detectors for electronic brachytherapy dosimetry

Abstract

Three active detectors, Exradin A26 chamber, IBA RAZOR Nano chamber, and PTW 60019 microDiamond, were characterized for their use in electronic BrachyTherapy (eBT) dosimetry. The detectors were calibrated in terms of air kerma using the ISO “N” (narrow) and “TW” (therapy) X-rays series from 7.5 kV to 100 kV. The responses to mono-energetic photons and their uncertainties were determined with Bayesian parameter estimation, assuming a model that incorporated smoothness via a spline function. The response functions obtained this way are consistent with 18 calibration qualities simultaneously. This approach improves on the traditional procedure of associating the response to the mean energy of the corresponding spectra. The energy responses (with uncertainties) were obtained in 0.25 keV energy steps from 6 keV to 70 keV. With differences in magnitude due to their sizes and the nature of their active volumes, the energy responses of the 3 detectors follow a similar relative behaviour. Even when the response is far from flat at low energies, i.e. below about 20 keV, the determination of reliable energy dependence curves enables the use of these detectors for dosimetry in the vicinity of eBT units. The angular dependence of the three detectors with respect to beam incidence was also measured in air in a 180° range in steps of 10° using the Zeiss INTRABEAM system (50 kV). For both energy and angular response characterization, the detectors axis were aligned in parallel with the beam axis (end-on), since this is the expected orientation in further measurements of absorbed dose distribution in water around eBT sources at PTB. This work is an effort to provide traceability for detectors and measurement procedures for the determination of 3D dose distributions as part of the ongoing European EMPIR project “Primary standards and traceable measurement methods for X-ray emitting electronic brachytherapy devices” (PRISM-eBT)”.