Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is a powerful tool to treat bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors and other factors. Both silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) are non-toxic and have good biocompatibility, but are poor biological scaffolds when used alone. In this study, the microscopic structure and related properties of SF/CS composite scaffolds with different component ratios were examined. The scaffold material most suitable for osteoblast growth was determined, and these results offer an experimental basis for the future reconstruction of bone defects. First, via freeze-drying and chemical crosslinking methods, SF/CS composites with different component ratios were prepared and their structure was characterized. Changes in the internal structure of the SF and CS mixture were observed, confirming that the mutual modification between the two components was complete and stable. The internal structure of the composite material was porous and three-dimensional with a porosity above 90%. We next studied the pore size, swelling ratio, water absorption ratio, degradation and in vitro cell proliferation. For the 40% SF-60% CS group, the pore size of the scaffold was suitable for the growth of osteoblasts, and the rate of degradation was steady. This favors the early adhesion, growth and proliferation of MG-63 cells. In addition to good biocompatibility and satisfactory cell affinity, this material promotes the secretion of extracellular matrix materials by osteoblasts. Thus, 40% SF-60% CS is a good material for bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
Scaffold materials are critical to bone tissue engineering
First silk fibroin (SF) and CS were mixed in different proportions and after several freeze-drying processes they were combined with chemical cross-linking. This gave porous scaffolds of defined strength. We examined their properties with electron microscopy (EM), porosity examination, infrared analysis, X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis and energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis
After it was cooled to room temperature, the solution was poured into a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 7000–10000 Da and submerged in deionized water
Summary
Scaffold materials are critical to bone tissue engineering. They deliver the seed cells and growth factors to the defect site, and support new bone tissues. The use of two or more mutually modified materials to construct composite scaffolds has become an important trend. Silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) have unique advantages and have received much attention as scaffold materials that can promote osteogenic activity [1,2,3,4,5].
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