Characterization of silica gel prepared by using sol–gel process

Abstract

We studied the preparation of silica gels from sodium silicate solution mixed with hydrochloric acid by sol–gel process. The obtained gel is washed with water to obtain a “hydrogel”. The immersion of the last one in alcohol, gives an “alcogel”. A Hoke D6 experimental design was followed in order to limit the number of tests. pH and the silica concentration represent the most significant factors which control the obtaining of a significant specific surface and thus a great capacity of adsorption. A second order polynomial model was adopted in order to represent the results in the form of three-dimensional surfaces. These results are also topographically illustrated as isoresponses lines. The results showed that the pH effect is more significant than the silica concentration one. We obtained gels with great microporosity and presenting specific surfaces of 657 m2.g-1 when pH is equal to 2. The prepared gel without alcohol presents interesting characteristics for a potential industrial use since its production cost is lowest and has a high specific surface.