Abstract
Owing to the randomness in the fracture flow system, the seepage system beneath a complex rock mass dam is inherently complex and highly uncertain, an investigation of the dam leakage by estimating the spatial distribution of the seepage field by conventional methods is quite difficult. In this paper, the entropy theory, as a relation between the definiteness and probability, is used to probabilistically analyze the characteristics of the seepage system in a complex rock mass dam. Based on the principle of maximum entropy, an equation for the vertical distribution of the seepage velocity in a dam borehole is derived. The achieved distribution is tested and compared with actual field data, and the results show good agreement. According to the entropy of flow velocity in boreholes, the rupture degree of a dam bedrock has been successfully estimated. Moreover, a new sampling scheme is presented. The sampling frequency has a negative correlation with the distance to the site of the minimum velocity, which is preferable to the traditional one. This paper demonstrates the significant advantage of applying the entropy theory for seepage velocity analysis in a complex rock mass dam.
Highlights
Many rock mass dams have been built worldwide, and they continue to be designed in the valleys of rivers on bedrock, where faults develop broadly
For a seepage system in a complex rock mass dam as a relatively isolated system, this study aims to employ the theory and concept of entropy to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution of the seepage velocity probabilistically, by considering its uncertainties and randomness
The characteristics of the seepage velocity in a complex rock mass dam are probabilistically analyzed by considering its uncertainties and randomness
Summary
Many rock mass dams have been built worldwide, and they continue to be designed in the valleys of rivers on bedrock, where faults develop broadly. Owing to the bed rocks having complex geological conditions and developed faults and fissures, seepage within the fractured rock mass of the dam foundation has a significant impact on the safe operation of the dam. Statistical techniques, e.g., Monte Carlo simulations, random field theory, and the finite element technique, have been employed [7,8,9]. These techniques allow for the uncertainty to be considered more explicitly, studies of the seepage system in a complex rock mass dam still suffer from major problems such as the small sample sizes and limited information
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