Abstract
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic Salmonella is a significant ongoing concern over the world. Several reports have investigated the prevalence of Salmonella infections in the farm animals in China; however, there is only limited knowledge about the Salmonella cross-contamination in the slaughterhouses. Moreover, the application of genomic approaches for understanding the cross-contamination in the food-animal slaughterhouses is still in its infancy in China. In the present study, we have isolated 105 Salmonella strains from pig carcasses and environment samples collected from four independent slaughterhouses in Jiangsu, China. All the Salmonella isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis for serovar predictions, multi-locus sequence types, antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmid types by using the in-house Galaxy platform. The antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates was determined using a minimal inhibitory concentration assay with 14 antimicrobials. We found that the predominant serovar and serogroup was S. Derby and O:4(B), with a prevalence of 41.9 and 55%, respectively. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant and the highest resistance was observed against antimicrobials tetracycline (95.4%) and trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (90.9%). Additionally, the colistin-resistant determinant mcr-1 gene was detected in five (4.8%) strains. Our study demonstrated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella strains isolated from pig slaughterhouses in China and suggested that the genomic platform can serve as routine surveillance along with the food-chain investigation.
Highlights
In the past few years, Salmonella infection has increased rapidly in humans and animals, and it is one of the leading cause of foodborne illness-related hospitalization in both developed and developing countries [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
Salmonella was recovered from 94% of carcass swabs after bleeding and 10% of carcass swabs after de-hairing from two pork processing plants in Alberta, Canada [11]
We found that the antimicrobial resistance was relatively high in the slaughterhouses, and the dominant serovar was Derby
Summary
In the past few years, Salmonella infection has increased rapidly in humans and animals, and it is one of the leading cause of foodborne illness-related hospitalization in both developed and developing countries [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. In Canada, Salmonella was the second most common cause of bacterial foodborne illness outbreaks. Salmonella was recovered from 94% of carcass swabs after bleeding and 10% of carcass swabs after de-hairing from two pork processing plants in Alberta, Canada [11]. Salmonella in Pork Production System [12]. In the past few decades, the prevalence of Salmonella infection has increased rapidly, especially in China [13]. Pork remains Chinese favorite meat, which makes up around 60% of total meat consumption, and the consumption of pork is expected to increase by at least 25% in the decade [14]
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