Characterization of primary female infertility in a Nigerian tertiary hospital: A case-control study.

Abstract

Primary female infertility is a serious reproductive health concern amongst many women in Nigeria with associated psychosocial impact. There is a need for early prediction of this disorder for increased chances of fertility in Nigerian women. This study reported the anthropometric, sociodemographic, and clinical baseline characteristics of primary infertility females and studied their viability as predictors of primary infertility. This is a case-control study of primarily infertile (54) and fertile (50) Nigerian females aged 20-44 years recruited by random selection of patients who visited University College Hospital between August and November 2020. A clinical proforma was utilized to assess sociodemographic data, fertility history and clinical diagnosis of study participants. The body mass index (BMI) of both fertile and infertile females was in the overweight category (27.98±0.87 and 28.18±0.59, respectively). Both fertile and primary infertile females present a normal menarcheal age (13.68±0.27 and 13.91 ± 0.32 years, respectively), and there was no significant difference between the menarcheal age (p = 0.411) in both study groups. Ovarian disorder was the most contributing clinical diagnosis (67%) of primary infertility. There is a significant strong association between menarcheal age, ovarian factor infertility (χ2 = 13.839, φc = 0.458, p = 0.008) and tubal factor infertility (χ2 = 11.111; φc = 0.527, p=0.025). Females with primary infertility may present with overweight in no significantly different way than fertile females and BMI may not be useful in predicting primary infertility. However, menarcheal age may be a valuable tool to predict the ovarian and tubal factors in primary infertility.