Abstract
Aims: Common weeds Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser, Euphorbia rothiana Spreng. and Schoenoplectiella articulata (L.) Lye are used for food, medicinal, green biofertilizer and biosorbent applications. In this work, their polyphenol and mineral contents have been characterized.
 Methodology: Samples from aforementioned three plants were manually collected in Raipur city (CG, India) and processed for the analyses. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride were used for the spectrophotometric determination of polyphenols. The mineral contents were quantified by X-ray fluorescence.
 Results: The total concentration of 20 elements (viz. P, S, Cl, As, Se, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo and Pb), total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the leaves ranged from 46372 to 71501, from 47877 to 73791 and from 1950 to 9400 mg/kg, respectively. Remarkable concentrations of several nutrients (P, S, Cl, K, Mg, Ca and Fe) were observed.
 Conclusion: The biomass from medicinal weeds R. palustris, E. rothiana and S. articulata featured very high K, Ca and Fe contents. Other nutrients (polyphenols, flavonoids, P, S, Cl and Mg) were identified at moderate levels. These species may hold promise as bioindicators.
Highlights
Aquatic plants provide food and habitat for many animals such as fish and waterfowl, and are potential biosorbents for the accumulation of trace elements [1], and may be used as green manure to restore soil fertility [2]
The polyphenol contents in the examined weeds were lower than or comparable to the phenolic contents reported by Březinová et al [28] in other macrophytes (Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud., Phalaris arundinacea L., Typha latifolia L., Glyceria maxima Holmb., Scirpus sylvaticus L., Carex nigra Reich. and Juncus effusus L.), in the 9020-28390 mg/kg interval
The polyphenol and mineral contents in three weeds that grow in wetlands in India (Euphorbia rothiana, Rorippa palustris and Schoenoplectiella articulata) were characterized
Summary
Aquatic plants provide food and habitat for many animals such as fish and waterfowl, and are potential biosorbents for the accumulation of trace elements [1], and may be used as green manure to restore soil fertility [2]. Rorippa palustris (bog yellowcress or marsh yellowcress) grows in many types of damp, wet, and aquatic habitats. It has antiscorbutic properties, its roots are diuretic and it is used in the treatment of measles [4]. Euphorbia rothiana (white latex; in India: Chagul putputi, Merashupal chedi, and Palootti chedi) is an annual erect, glabrous, profusely branched subshrub of ≈1-m height, widely distributed in India, Sri Lanka, China and Indonesia. Its latex is externally applied for healing sores, it is believed to promote hair growth, and the whole plant is used for household insect repellent [5-6]
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