Abstract

We have investigated p-n junctions on a silicon device fabricated on a (100) surface using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). We show that different doping levels for the p-and n-doped regions in the surface give rise to a contrast in the PEEM images. The contrast is due to the change in the photoemission threshold for different bulk doping levels when the Fermi level is pinned between the valence- and the conduction-band edge at the surface. The intensity profiles change when the Fermi level is pinned at different positions within the band gap. We present a detailed analysis of intensity profiles of p-n junctions in a PEEM image. We show that PEEM is capable of characterizing p-n junctions and surface-states on silicon devices. The images are significantly affected by electron optical deflections of the photoemitted electrons caused by the high lateral electrical field of a biased p-n junction. We are able to identify this as an electron optical effect on the profile shape by simulations of the electron trajectories between the sample and the first aperture of the PEEM.

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