Abstract
The SCAMPER mobile system for measuring PM10 emission rates from paved roads was used to characterize emission rates from a wide variety of roads in the Phoenix, AZ metropolitan area. Week-long sampling episodes were conducted in March, June, September, and December. A 180 km-long route was utilized and traveled a total of 18 times. PM10 emission rate measurements were made at 5-s resolution for over 3200 km of roads with a precision of approximately 25%. The PM10 emission rates varied by over two orders of magnitude and were generally low unless the road was impacted with dust deposited by activities such as construction, sand and gravel operations, agriculture, and vehicles traveling on or near unpaved shoulders and roads. The data were tabulated into averages for each of 67 segments that the route was divided into. The segment-averaged PM10 emission rates ranged from zero to 2 mg m−1, with an average of 0.079 mg m−1. There was no significant difference in emission rates between seasons. There was a major drop in emission rates over a weekend, when dust generation activities such as construction are expected to be much reduced. By Monday, the PM10 emission rates had risen to the levels of the previous Friday. This indicates that roads quickly reach an equilibrium PM10 generating potential.
Highlights
Dmitry VlasovParticulate matter (PM) has been shown by epidemiological studies to be responsible for premature deaths [1]
Academic Editors: Ashok Luhar, Omar Ramírez Hernández and Particulate matter (PM) has been shown by epidemiological studies to be responsible for premature deaths [1]
The route consisted of a mix of segments of different road types based on their Average Daily Traffic (ADT) or number of vehicles in both directions passing a point per day
Summary
Particulate matter (PM) has been shown by epidemiological studies to be responsible for premature deaths [1]. The U.S Environmental Protection Agency has set air quality standards for particles both of less than 10 μm and 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter, PM10 and PM2.5 , respectively. Many government agencies have adopted these standards or have derived similar ones. Many of these standards are exceeded in urban areas and effective mitigation methods are necessary to meet these standards. In order to implement cost-effective control strategies, the sources of the PM must be determined as accurately as possible. Models have estimated that a significant amount of this material can originate from paved roadways [2,3,4]
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