Abstract
Biphenyl is used as an intermediate for synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectroscopic and thermal properties of biphenyl. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The control and treated biphenyl were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and surface area analysis. The treated biphenyl showed decrease in intensity of XRD peaks as compared to control. Additionally, crystallite size was decreased in treated biphenyl by 16.82% with respect to control. The treated biphenyl (72.66ºC) showed increase in melting temperature as compared to control biphenyl (70.52ºC). However, the latent heat of fusion (∆H) of treated biphenyl was substantially changed by 18.75% as compared to control. Additionally, the treated biphenyl (155.14ºC) showed alteration in maximum thermal decomposition temperature (T<sub>max</sub>) as compared to control sample (160.97ºC). This showed the alteration in thermal stability of treated biphenyl as compared to control. Spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR and UV-visible) showed no alteration in chemical nature of treated biphenyl with respect to control. Surface area analysis through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET) analyzer showed significant alteration in surface area as compared to control. Overall, the result demonstrated that biofield has substantially affected the physical and thermal nature of biphenyl.
Highlights
Biphenyl is an organic compound occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil and natural gas and it is mainly isolated from these sources by distillation process
It is assumed that biofield treatment may induce increase in internal strain and decrease in crystallite size of the biphenyl as compared to control
It is assumed that lower crystallite size of treated biphenyl may improve its reaction rate [5] and it could be utilized for synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds
Summary
Biphenyl is an organic compound occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil and natural gas and it is mainly isolated from these sources by distillation process. It’s a white crystalline compound with peculiar pleasant smell [1]. Biphenyl is mainly a neutral molecule it participates in a number of reactions similar like benzene such as substitution reaction upon treatment with halogens in the presence of Lewis acid. Biphenyl is an important compounds used as an intermediate for organic synthesis and they have insightful pharmacological activity. Biphenyl has been used for synthesis of wide range of compounds with diverse pharmaceutical applications [2] etc. Biphenyl carboxylic benzimidazole derivative has excellent antihypertensive activity [3]. Biphenyl-4carboxylic acid 2-(aryl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl–amide was designed and studied for its antimicrobial activity [4]
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