Characterization of physical properties, volatile compounds and aroma profiles of different salted egg yolk lipids

Abstract

Salted egg yolks (SEY) have a desirable and unique flavor with multiple underlying applications in food processing, and their abundant lipids contribute to a creamy and pleasant aroma. However, it is important to maintain the stability of the SEY flavor, which depends to a large extent on the egg species and the processing method. This study aimed to extract different SEY lipids with conventional solvents, analyze the fatty acid composition, and screen the volatile compounds to elucidate the flavor differences between salted hen eggs and duck eggs. Compared to ethanol extraction, acetone-extracted lipids had lower acid value and viscosity, and almost had no phospholipid content. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the highest content of fatty acid in SEY lipids was oleic acid, followed by palmitic acid and linoleic acid, while there were significant variations of different SEY lipids in the fatty acid profiles. The volatile compounds were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS), and the overall odor was detected by the electronic nose (E-nose). A total of 27 volatile compounds were analyzed in SEY lipids and divided into 8 chemical classes. The aldehydes, furans and pyrazines were decreased, and the hydrocarbons were increased compared with untreated SEY. The combination of the physical properties and flavor evaluation of SEY lipids could provide a theoretical basis for the extension of the characteristic flavor matrix in SEY.