Abstract
In order to identify the phosphorus species and concentration in animal manure, we comparatively characterized phosphorus in dairy manure, swine manure, and broiler litter, using a sequential procedure, a simplified two-step procedure (NaHCO3/NaOH+EDTA), and a solution Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy procedure. In the sequential procedure, deionized water extracted 39, 22, and 32%; NaHCO3 extracted 48, 26, and 37%; NaOH extracted 8, 9, and 13.8%; and HCl extracted 3, 42.8, and 17% of the total phosphorus in dairy manure, swine manure and broiler litter, respectively. Total phosphorus extracted by the NaHCO3/NaOH+EDTA procedure was 7.5, 32.4, and 15.8 g P kg−1 for dairy manure, swine manure, and broiler litter, respectively. The solution 31P-NMR procedure detected that 9, 34, and 29% of total phosphorus was phytic acid in dairy manure, swine manure, and broiler litter, respectively. These results show that phosphorus forms, availability, and quantities differ between animal manures, which provides valuable information for P characterization of animal manures in China.
Highlights
Due to the rapid economic development of China since 1980, the diet of residents has shifted from predominantly plant to more animal products [1]
Sample collection Three types of manure were collected from private livestock farms in China which did not involve endangered or protected species: swine manure from Beilangzhong farm, located at Zhaoquanying town, Shunyi district, Beijing (40u109 N, 116u359 E), Xuejun Liu was responsible to future permissions; dairy manure from an individual farm located at Shandong Agricultural University Experimental Station, Taishan district, Taian, Shandong Province (36u99 N, 117u99 E), Zhiguang Liu was responsible to future permissions; and broiler litter from an individual farm located at Xizhengqiao village, Jining, Shandong Province (35u209 N, 116u319 E), Dianting Li was responsible to future permissions
Pagliari and Laboski (2012) [35] reported that total P recovered in the sequential fractionation averaged 7.4, 6.5, 19.4, 21.2, and 33.9 g P kg21 in beef, dairy, turkey, chicken, and swine manure, respectively, collected from private farms and the University of Wisconsin Agricultural Research Station in Arlington, Wisconsin
Summary
Due to the rapid economic development of China since 1980, the diet of residents has shifted from predominantly plant to more animal products [1]. Modes of animal production have shifted gradually from conventional family-based animal rearing to intensive animal feeding operations, with more input of protein and energy into animal feeds. These differences may significantly impact forms, bioavailability, utilization, and cycling of manure nutrients and their potential impact on soil and water quality. Little detailed information about the relative quantities and forms of P in animal manure in China is available to farmers now. Characterizing manure P becomes critical to better understand manure P dynamics and assist farmers in making optimal management of manure P for reducing water pollution
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