Characterization of Performance 12 Superior Lines of Upland Rice Planted in Two Environmental Condition

Abstract

The development of upland rice cultivars that could also adapt to lowland will be needed to anticipate climate change effects. The identification of several characters and their performance needs to be studied. Morpho-agronomic characters are divided into qualitative and quantitative character. The research aimed to identify several qualitative and quantitative characters’ changes to obtain adaptive information lines in both environments. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse from January until June 2020. As many as 12 promising upland rice lines were used as the source of genetic materials. There are two types of growing environment simulated as a treatment: (1) lowland and (2) upland; each treatment line was repeated three times. Data were analyzed using the PAST 3.25 program. Clustering analysis was performed using the UPGMA algorithm and the euclidean distance, and quantitative data were also analyzed using a comparison of relative values. The results on qualitative characters show the color type does not change even in different environments, but there is a gradient of color sharpness in several characters. Some anthocyanin-related color characters become more concentrated in upland environments than lowland and chlorophyll-related colors are vice versa. Based on the color character, the L8 line is more stable in both environments than the other lines, and the L12 line had the best vigor in both environments. Biplots of eight color characters in lowland and dry conditions indicate that the lines are divided into two groups. The principal analysis (PCA) on lowland and upland of obtained two and three PCs, with eigenvalues > 1, and it is mean explained that the diversity index of examined material was 73.1% and 87%. Most of the lines show that the relative changes in qualitative and quantitative characters in two environments, except the L5 line, are more stable. Biplot-PCA clustering on 11 quantitative characters in a lowland and dry environment formed small clusters with a small number of lines in them. The clustering analysis between qualitative and quantitative characters in 12 upland rice lines did not have the same illustration. This study proves that different levels of water availability will affect several color gradient and several quantitative characters. It seems that although upland rice is grown on dry land, plant growth will be better if planted in lowland environment.