Abstract
The titanium implant surface plays a crucial role for implant incorporation into bone. A new strategy to improve implant integration in a bone is to develop surface nanocoatings with plant-derived polysaccharides able to increase adhesion of bone cells to the implant surface. The aim of the present study was to physically characterize and compare polystyrene and titanium surfaces nanocoated with different Rhamnogalacturonan-Is (RG-I) and to visualize RG-I nanocoatings. RG-Is from potato and apple were coated on aminated surfaces of polystyrene, titianium discs and titanium implants. To characterize, compare and visualize the surface nanocoatings measurements of contact angle measurements and surface roughness with atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy was performed. We found that, both unmodified and enzymatic modified RG-Is influenced surface wettability, without any major effect on surface roughness (Sa, Sdr). Furthermore, we demonstrated that it is possible to visualize the pectin RG-Is molecules and even the nanocoatings on titanium surfaces, which have not been presented before. The comparison between polystyrene and titanium surface showed that the used material affected the physical properties of non-coated and coated surfaces. RG-Is should be considered as a candidate for new materials as organic nanocoatings for biomaterials in order to improve bone healing.
Highlights
The implant surface plays a crucial role for implant incorporation into the bone and implant surface modifications which are continuously developed in attempts to enhance and accelerate bone formation at the implant surface [1,2,3,4,5]
The comparison between polystyrene and titanium surfaces showed that both materials became more hydrophilic after nanocoating and that the RG-I molecules did not have any major effect on the surface roughness
Our previous work demonstrated that by changing the chemical composition of the surface with RG-Is nanocoatings the wettability of the polystyrene surface was affected and the surface became more hydrophilic compared to non-coated control surfaces [14]
Summary
The implant surface plays a crucial role for implant incorporation into the bone and implant surface modifications which are continuously developed in attempts to enhance and accelerate bone formation at the implant surface [1,2,3,4,5]. The development has been approached by chemically and physically modifications of the surface [1,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The chemical and physical surface modification can be performed at different levels [1,3,6]. It has been demonstrated that nanoscale modification of titanium implants affects surface properties, such as hydrophilicity, biochemical bonding capacity and roughness, which influence cell behaviour on the surface such as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells as well as the mineralization of the extracellular matrix at the implant surfaces [2,4,5,6,9,10,11,12]
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