Abstract
Two acidic polysaccharides (ALR-a and ALR-b, former names ALR-5IIb-2-2 and 5IIc-3-1, respectively; although ALR-5IIb-2-2 and 5IIc-3-1 were used as their abbreviations in a previous paper (Planta Med., 64 (1998) 714), here the polysaccharides have been abbreviated to ALR-a and ALR-b, respectively, in order to avoid complexity) have been purified from rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea DC. as intestinal immune system modulating polysaccharides (Planta Med., 64 (1998) 714). Endo-α- d-(1→4)-polygalacturonase digestion of ALR-b gave large proportions of a fragment (PG-1) eluted in the void volume, and the lowest-molecular-weight fraction (PG-3) in addition to a small proportion of intermediate fraction (PG-2). Component sugar and methylation analyses using base-catalyzed β-elimination indicated that PG-1 consisted of a rhamnogalacturonan core with side chains rich in neutral sugars and that PG-3 mainly contained (1→4)-linked galacturono-oligosaccharides. PG-2 comprised characteristic component sugars such as 2-Me-Fuc, 2-Me-Xyl, apiose (Api) and aceric acid (AceA), but PG-2 lacked some glycosidic linkages compared with those of the typical rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II). PG-2 showed potent intestinal immune system modulating activity, but PG-1 and galacturono-oligosaccharides in PG-3 had no activity. Further gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography of ALR-a gave a potent intestinal immune system modulating polysaccharide (ALR-a-Bb). Component sugar and methylation analyses indicated that ALR-a-Bb also comprised unusual component sugars characteristic in RG-II as well as PG-2 derived from ALR-b. ALR-a-Bb or PG-2 from ALR-b little affected directly the proliferation of bone marrow cells. PG-2 from ALR-b expressed similar significant intestinal immune system modulating activity to RG-II (GL-RI) isolated from leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, but RG-II obtained from a pharmacologically active pectin (bupleuran 2IIb) of Bupleurum falcatum L. had no activity.
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