Abstract
This paper reports the characterization of the 2.45-GHz-ISM-band radio wave propagation channel. Specifically, measurements were performed in an underground parking garage, with the aim of optimizing breadcrumb systems for a Rapid Intervention Team application. The effects of the high penetration loss and large reflections by the concrete reinforced building structure on the path loss and the large-scale fading were studied. Based on the analysis of the wireless channel, critical points for reliable communication between members of a Rapid Intervention Team were identified. In particular, attention was paid to dealing with large, spatially confined signal losses due to shadowing, the anticipation of corner losses and the ability of the system to operate on multiple floors.
Highlights
A Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) is a specialized team consisting of at least two firefighters.Their primary focus is the search and rescue of both firefighters and civilians inside a fire [1,2].Reliable communication is essential to an RIT
The values obtained by low resolution measurements are placed between brackets because the removal of the small-scale fading from the low resolution data is sub-optimal and, σshadowing is not representative for only the large scale-fading
One has to be mindful of significant signal loss when turning corners, especially outer corners
Summary
A Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) is a specialized team consisting of at least two firefighters.Their primary focus is the search and rescue of both firefighters and civilians inside a fire [1,2].Reliable communication is essential to an RIT. A Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) is a specialized team consisting of at least two firefighters Their primary focus is the search and rescue of both firefighters and civilians inside a fire [1,2]. To ensure a reliable wireless connection when entering large buildings, an ad hoc breadcrumb network is proposed and further developed in [3,4,5,6,7]. Such developed breadcrumb systems must remain reliable in even the most challenging of environments that an RIT can face. One of these environments is an underground parking garage, since, firstly, the RIT has to move downwards while fire tends to spread upwards
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