Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Neisseria has been reported to be a high producer of acetaldehyde (ACH), a carcinogen, from ethanol in vitro, but no information exists regarding whether the ACH production depends on oral microbiota profiles. Objective and Design: To explore the salivary microbiota profiles with respect to ACH production ability in the oral cavity using a cross-sectional design. Results: Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we classified 100 saliva samples into two types of communities (I and II). Salivary ACH production ability from ethanol was measured using gas chromatography and was found to vary over a 30-fold range. ACH production ability was significantly higher in the type I community, wherein the relative abundance of Neisseria species was significantly lower. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the subjects with the type I community exhibited significantly higher probability of high ACH production ability than those with the type II community (P = 0.014). Moreover, the relative abundance of Neisseria species was inversely correlated with the ACH production ability (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The salivary microbiota profile with a lower relative abundance of Neisseria species was independently associated with high ACH production ability, despite Neisseria species are dominant producers of ACH in vitro.
Highlights
Acetaldehyde (ACH), the first metabolite produced during ethanol metabolism, is a carcinogen found in the oral cavity [1]
The type I community was dominated by Streptococcus and Rothia species (Table 1), and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) corresponding to Streptococcus salivarius HOT-755 and Rothia mucilaginosa HOT-681 were identified as the most differentially abundant OTUs by the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) approach to detect discriminant OTUs (Figure 2)
The type II community was dominated by Neisseria, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas species (Table 1), and OTUs corresponding to Neisseria flavescens HOT-610, Fusobacterium periodonticum HOT-201, and Porphyromonas pasteri HOT-279 were identified as the most differentially abundant OTUs (Figure 2)
Summary
Acetaldehyde (ACH), the first metabolite produced during ethanol metabolism, is a carcinogen found in the oral cavity [1]. There have been no studies correlating ACH production ability with the complexity of the oral microbiota profiles, which encompass more than 700 bacterial species, 35% of which have not yet been cultured in the laboratory [14]. This study aimed to explore the salivary microbiota profiles of healthy adults, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, with respect to ACH production ability in the oral cavity. We hypothesized that the salivary microbiota profile with a higher relative abundance of Neisseria species would show higher ACH production ability. Neisseria has been reported to be a high producer of acetaldehyde (ACH), a carcinogen, from ethanol in vitro, but no information exists regarding whether the ACH production depends on oral microbiota profiles
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