Abstract
We report optical planar waveguide formation and modal characterization in β-BaB2O4 crystals by Cu2+-ion implantation at an energy of 3.0 MeV and doses of ∼ 1014 ions/cm2. The prism-coupling method was used to investigate the dark-mode property at wavelengths of 633 nm and 1539 nm. The refractive-index profile of the waveguide was reconstructed by an effective refractive index method. The modal analysis indicates that the fields of TM modes can be well restricted in the guiding region, which means the formation of a non-leaky waveguide in the crystal. The results show that the β-BaB2O4 waveguides may be used in the application of high efficiency frequency conversion.
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