Abstract
An experiment was carried out to characterize the proximate compositions and antinutritional and mineral contents of sorghum varieties released for production by the Ethiopian sorghum improvement programme. Sorghum is an extensively researched crop in Ethiopia. However, comprehensive information on nutritional, antinutritional, and mineral content has not been generated. In the present study, thirty-five sorghum varieties released by the national sorghum improvement programme were used and evaluated for their proximate compositions, tannin, and mineral nutrient. AOAC methods of analysis were used for proximate compositions and mineral content together, i.e., whereas for tannin, vanillin-HCL assay methods of analysis were used. Differences between sorghum varieties were significant (P ≤ 0.05) for all measured parameters. Proximate composition values such as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, and CHO varied from 9.66 to 12.94, 1.12 to 2.29, 2.48 to 4.60, 2.17 to 8.59, 8.20 to 16.48, and 67.56 to 76.42, respectively. The highest mineral content of P (367.965), Na (6.151), Mg (207.526), K (314.011), Ca (67.159), Fe (14.018), and Zn (6.484) as measured by mg/100 g was found from the varieties Macia, Abshir, Chiro, Birmash, Dagem, and Assossa-1 (Fe and Zn), respectively. Maximum tannin values of 3337.200 and 2474.7 mg/100 g were obtained from Lalo and Dano, respectively. The varieties such as Miskir, Abshir, ESH-1, Meko-1, Red Swazi, and Karimtams have higher nutritional and mineral and lower antinutritional values among the tested varieties. The abovementioned varieties should be considered for food product development due to their nutritional qualities.
Highlights
Studies were conducted in Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, which is one of the research centers of Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) found in the Ethiopian Rift Valley, 117 km away from Addis Ababa in the southeast direction located at 8024′N and 39012′E and an altitude of 1550 meters above sea level
The highest ash value was recorded from Gubiye (2.294%), and the lowest value was found from Assossa-1 (1.119)
The researchers recommend that Assossa-1, Abuare, Abshir, Meko-1, Red Swazi, and Birmash varieties of sorghum will be a good source of iron and zinc micronutrient whereas Miskir, Muyra-2, ESH-4, and Karimtams for protein content
Summary
In Africa, it is the second most important cereal in which around 300 million people depend on it as their daily consumptions (1) It is consumed mostly in northern China, India, and southern Russia, where about 85% of the crops are consumed directly as human food [2]. Sorghum has greater drought tolerance, soil toxicities, and temperature variation than other cereals and requires minimal fertilizers for cultivation, playing a critical role for food security in some semiarid areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America [3].
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