Characterization of Neopestalotiopsis Species Associated with Mango Grey Leaf Spot Disease in Sinaloa, Mexico.

Saida S Gerardo-Lugo,Hugo Beltrán-Peña,Kamila C Correia,Kevin D Hyde,Sajeewa S N Maharachchikumbura,Miguel A Apodaca-Sánchez,Abdallah M Elgorban,Carlos P Sauceda-Acosta,Najat Marraiki,Juan M Tovar-Pedraza,Moisés Camacho-Tapia

doi:10.3390/pathogens9100788

Abstract

Mango is one of the most popular and nutritious fruits in the world and Mexico is the world’s largest exporter. There are many diseases that directly affect fruit yield and quality. During the period 2016–2017, leaves with grey leaf spots were collected from 28 commercial mango orchards distributed in two main production areas in Sinaloa State of Mexico, and 50 Neopestalotiopsis isolates were obtained. Fungal identification of 20 representative isolates was performed using morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) and the β-tubulin (TUB) genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 20 isolates from this study formed four consistent groups, however, overall tree topologies do not consistently provide a stable and sufficient resolution. Therefore, even though morphological and phylogenetic separation is evident, these isolates were not assigned to any new taxa and were tentatively placed into four clades (clades A–D). Pathogenicity tests on detached mango leaves of cv. Kent showed that the 20 isolates that belong to the four Neopestalotiopsis clades from this study and induce lesions on mango leaves. This is the first report of species of Neopestalotiopsis causing mango grey leaf spot disease in Mexico.

Highlights

Mango (Mangifera indica L.; Anacardiaceae) is the fifth most economically important tropical fruit in the world [1,2]
Based on the initial phenotypic characterization following the morphological traits described by Maharachchikumbura et al [17], these isolates were found to belong to the genus Neopestalotiopsis
Pestalotiopsis-like basedon onmorphological morphologicalcharacters, characters, because they vary according to the nature of the isolation and environmental conditions

Summary

Introduction

Mango (Mangifera indica L.; Anacardiaceae) is the fifth most economically important tropical fruit in the world [1,2]. The mango fruit is appreciated for its unique flavor and nutritional value and is consumed in juices, beverages, jams and as a fresh fruit [3]. Over 90 countries cultivate mango [4], Asia is the leading producer with 75% of the world’s production [5], but Mexico is the world’s largest exporter [6]. In Mexico, mango is the second tropical fruit of economic importance and during 2019, the production volume was 2,087,359 t in 193,549 ha, cultivated in 23 states, with Sinaloa as the largest producing state. Diseases caused by fungi are the main limiting factor for mango production worldwide [8] The main cultivars produced in Mexico are Ataulfo, Kent, Manila, Tommy Atkins, Keitt, and Haden [7].

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