Abstract
Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) is often used in biomedical implants, but its surface cannot usually combine with the living bone. A coating of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of titanium implants provides excellent mechanical properties and has good biological activity and biocompatibility. For optimal osteocompatibility, the structure, size, and composition of HA crystals should be closer to those of biological apatite. Our results show that the surface of c.p. Ti was entirely covered by rod-like HA nanoparticles after alkali treatment and subsequent hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for 48 h. Nano-sized apatite aggregates began to nucleate on HA-coated c.p. Ti surfaces after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 6 h, while no obvious precipitation was found on the uncoated sample. Higher apatite-forming ability (bioactivity) could be acquired by the samples after HA coating. The HA coating featured bone-like nanostructure, high crystallinity, and carbonate substitution. It can be expected that HA coatings synthesized from eggshells on c.p. Ti through a hydrothermal reaction could be used in dental implant applications in the future.
Highlights
IntroductionPure titanium (c.p. Ti) has been used in dentistry, mainly due to its resistance to corrosion, superior biocompatibility, and favorable mechanical properties [1]
Ti was hydrothermally treated at 150 ◦ C, the treatment time had an obvious effect on the formation of nano-HA
Ti were successfully developed through a hydrothermal reaction and heat treatment using eggshell biowaste as a source of Ca
Summary
Pure titanium (c.p. Ti) has been used in dentistry, mainly due to its resistance to corrosion, superior biocompatibility, and favorable mechanical properties [1]. Ti is regarded as a bioinert metal, which cannot form a chemical bond with bone, and this biological inactivity often results in fibrous tissue surrounding the implanted device [2]. In order to improve both osseointegration rates and longevity of Ti implants, hydroxyapatite (HA) coating could promote the formation of real bonds with the surrounding bone tissue. HA-coated Ti has shown better long-term clinical survival rates than uncoated Ti due to its chemical similarity with natural bone tissue and its high biocompatibility [3,4]. In order to shorten the surgical healing time of dental implants, a rapid and reliable bonding with the bone is highly desirable
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