Characterization of nanoparticles in gunpowder 3x, 6x, 12x and 24x potencies using Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

Background: According to the literature of homoeopathy the remedy gun powder has the property to cure Abscesses, Acne, Bites, Blood-poisoning, Boils, Carbuncles, Cuts - poisoned, Ivy (Hedera) poisoning, Osteo-myelitis, Tonsillitis – septic, Vaccinosis, Worms. Homoeopathic system of medicine uses ultra-high dilutions as their medication. Avogadro’s Limit is a threshold limit where there is no possibility of presence of original molecules over the dilution of Avogadro’s constant which is 6.02254 x 1023. When the potency goes above 23x in Decimal scale of potentization, it crosses the Avogadro’s limit. So, this study is done to find the presence of nano particles of the source materials in the homoeopathic medicine gun powder in 3x, 6x, 12x and 24x potencies using Raman spectroscopy.Method: Gun powder 6x, 12x, and 24x were prepared from 3x potency. Then the source materials such as, sulfur, charcoal, potassium nitrate and lactose were tested separately under Raman spectroscopy along with gun powder 3x, 6x, 12x, and 24 potencies. The values of lactose were subtracted from the 3x, 6x, 12x, and 24x potencies. A line graph of all the values obtained were plotted and then comparedResult: The peaks of potassium nitrate and Sulphur coincides with all the triturations of gun powder tested.Conclusion: The presence of nano-particles of the source materials of gunpowder in the homoeopathic triturations of the same till 24x potency is found. This may indicate that even other homoeopathic trituration up to 24x potency have the nano particles of its source materials.