Abstract
The possibility of vitrifying the fly ash generated from municipal solid-waste incinerators and the immobilisation effect of toxic elements were investigated using several batches of fly ash and two kinds of common waste glass (waste glass from end liquid crystal display device and soda lime silicate waste glass). Fly ash could be vitrified by melting at 1300 °C prior to the introduction of a minimum of 30 wt% waste glass to each batch. Leaching tests were performed using the TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) for three types of glass to identify the concentrations of five harmful elements (Pb, Ba, As, Cd, Cr) in the extraction fluid and a surface analysis using SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) was performed to reveal the elemental distribution of the glass. The results confirmed that the regulatory levels (Pb < 5, Ba<100, As<5, Cd < 1 and Cr < 5 ppm) set by the US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) were satisfied, while the elemental distribution on the glass surface, before and after TCLP, differed only in the amount of Cr. Two melt properties (σ: electrical conductivity, η: viscosity) at around 1300 °C were examined for simulated glass melts assuming the application of CCIM (Cold-Crucible Induction Melting) technology and discussed in terms of their constraint values (σ: 0.1–1.0 S/cm, η: 10–100 dPas) for CCIM and the effect of their composition. To obtain the desired both melt properties, it is suggested that the present glasses should contain 2–4 wt% Na 2 O. Additionally, the economic and environmental effects of the waste glass recycling on fly ash vitrification were discussed from the view point of energy saving and CO 2 reduction. • Fly ash is completely vitrified with only common waste glasses. • Leaching tests and surface analysis indicate excellent chemical durability. • Some fly ash batches are suitable for cold crucible induction melting. • Use of waste glass lowers melting temperature of fly ash batch.
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