Abstract
In aluminum‐killed calcium‐treated steels, the characterization of multiphase oxides found in the CaO–MgO–Al2O3 system is essential for the study of inclusion formation, modification, and the control process. Herein, Raman spectroscopy is used as a characterization technique for the multiphase mixtures of MgO·Al2O3 spinel and calcium aluminate phases of C12A7, C3A, and CA. Multiphase samples of C12A7–CA–MA and C12A7–C3A–MA are synthesized from MgO·Al2O3 spinel and calcium aluminates with varying phase content. The relative intensity of the Raman peaks is qualitatively used for the most primary phases present in the sample. Regression models are also identified for predicting the phase composition. Prediction model identification is conducted using the successive projection algorithm (SPA) for feature selection and the partial least squares regression (PLS) model as a regressor. The identified prediction models show a reasonably good prediction performance. Herein, the time‐gated Raman spectroscopy technique to characterize the multiphase mixture of magnesium aluminate spinel and calcium aluminate phases of CA, C12A7, C3A is used, and the potential application for inclusion characterization is demonstrated.
Highlights
Introduction are12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7), tricalcium aluminate, 3CaO·Al2O3 (C3A), and monocalcium aluminate, Calcium oxide (CaO)·Al2O3 (CA).The composition of C12A7 can be considered a target of calcium treatment, because it is fully liquid at steelmaking temperatures.The evolution, modification process, and characterization of The composition shift from C12A7 to C3A or CA increases the nonmetallic inclusions play a critical role in inclusion studies. liquidus temperature and decreases the liquid fraction
This study aims to demonstrate the application of time-gated Raman spectroscopy in the identification and quantitative characterization of synthetic multiphase samples that contain calcium aluminate phases of CaO·Al2O3 (CA), 3CaO·Al2O3 (C3A), 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7), and MgO·Al2O3 spinel (MA)
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were normalized in evaluating phase fraction to elemental compositions and compared with the X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
Summary
Introduction are12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7), tricalcium aluminate, 3CaO·Al2O3 (C3A), and monocalcium aluminate, CaO·Al2O3 (CA).The composition of C12A7 can be considered a target of calcium treatment, because it is fully liquid at steelmaking temperatures.The evolution, modification process, and characterization of The composition shift from C12A7 to C3A or CA increases the nonmetallic inclusions play a critical role in inclusion studies. liquidus temperature and decreases the liquid fraction. The composition of C12A7 can be considered a target of calcium treatment, because it is fully liquid at steelmaking temperatures. The evolution, modification process, and characterization of The composition shift from C12A7 to C3A or CA increases the nonmetallic inclusions play a critical role in inclusion studies. Liquidus temperature and decreases the liquid fraction. T. Fabritius addition, studies have shown that calcium treatment can be used to modify MgO·Al2O3 spinel inclusions.[12,13,14] the modification of Al2O3 and spinel via calcium treatment may lead to the formation of inclusions in the MgO–Al2O3–CaO ternary system.[15,16,17] Deng and Zhu[15] and Yang et al.[16] demon-
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