Abstract
Illuminating the comprehensive lipid profiles after dietary supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is crucial to revealing the tissue distribution of PUFAs in living organisms, as well as to providing novel insights into lipid metabolism. Here, we performed lipidomic analyses on mouse plasma and nine tissues, including the liver, kidney, brain, white adipose, heart, lung, small intestine, skeletal muscle, and spleen, with the dietary intake conditions of arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as the ethyl ester form. We incorporated targeted and untargeted approaches for profiling oxylipins and complex lipids such as glycerol (phospho) lipids, sphingolipids, and sterols, respectively, which led to the characterization of 1026 lipid molecules from the mouse tissues. The lipidomic analysis indicated that the intake of PUFAs strongly impacted the lipid profiles of metabolic organs such as the liver and kidney, while causing less impact on the brain. Moreover, we revealed a unique lipid modulation in most tissues, where phospholipids containing linoleic acid were significantly decreased in mice on the ARA-supplemented diet, and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) selectively incorporated DHA over ARA and EPA. We comprehensively studied the lipid profiles after dietary intake of PUFAs, which gives insight into lipid metabolism and nutrition research on PUFA supplementation.
Highlights
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that have a range of biological effects such as on brain function, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, and bone health in humans [1,2], and affect the reproduction quality of livestock animals [3]
We found that the profiles of DAG and TAG were not affected in the spleen, the profiles of free fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, and cholesteryl esters did reflect the intakes of arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (Supplementary Figure S5)
We applied lipidomics techniques to monitor the comprehensive lipid profiles of mouse plasma and tissues, and their changes following the dietary intake of different PUFAs: ARA, EPA, and DHA
Summary
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that have a range of biological effects such as on brain function, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, and bone health in humans [1,2], and affect the reproduction quality of livestock animals [3]. ARA and EPA/DHA are known as ω6 and ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively, and their biological functions and the importance of ω3/ω6 fatty acid balance in maintaining homeostasis have. Oxylipin profiles under different dietary conditions have been reported [4,5,8,9], there have been few studies that comprehensively investigated the lipid profile after the dietary intake of ARA, EPA, or DHA side-by-side in various tissues, which would be necessary to grasp the effects of different PUFA-containing diets
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