Characterization of Laser Printer Nanoparticle and VOC Emissions, Formation Mechanisms, and Strategies to Reduce Airborne Exposures

Abstract

To better evaluate the health effects and indoor air quality impacts of nanoparticles generated by laser printers, measurements were made to characterize the number concentration, size distribution, morphology, and chemical composition of the emitted nanoparticles as a function of printer distance, idle time, “cold start” state, cartridge states, and number of pages printed. Emitted ion concentrations, nanoparticles, volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and toner particles were characterized using multiple analytical techniques. Finally, particle generation mechanisms and emission control strategies are discussed. Emission measurements were conducted using a commonly used black and white office printer (HP LaserJet4100) operating in a small (12 m2) office conference room environment and a stainless steel environmental chamber of similar size. Particle concentrations and size distributions were monitored using condensation particle counter (CPC) and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) directly ab...