Abstract
A promising type of steel slag for applications is the ladle furnace (LF) slag, which is also known as the basic slag, the reducing slag, the white slag, and the secondary refining slag. The LF slag is a byproduct from further refining molten steel after coming out of a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) or an electric arc furnace (EAF). The use of the LF slag in further applications requires knowledge of its characteristics. The LF slag characterization in this paper has been performed using the following analytical methods: chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area properties by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods, surface chemistry by infrared absorption (FTIR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the main compounds are calcium, silicon, magnesium, and aluminium oxides, and calcium silicates under their various allotropic forms are the major compounds in the LF slag. Surface area properties have shown that the LF slag is a mesoporous material with relatively great BET surface area. The ladle furnace slag is a nonhazardous industrial waste because the ecotoxicity evaluation by its eluate has shown that the LF slag does not contain constituents which might in any way affect the environment harmfully.
Highlights
Many million tons of slag are generated as it is a byproduct of iron- and steelmaking industry during the separation of the molten iron and steel from impurities
Two types of steel slags are produced in electric furnaces: the so-called black steel slag when remelting unalloyed steel waste and the white steel slag which is created during the remelting of alloyed steel waste
The ladle furnace (LF) slag with such composition could be considered as an effective adsorbent like other slags of the ironmaking industry
Summary
Many million tons of slag are generated as it is a byproduct of iron- and steelmaking industry during the separation of the molten iron and steel from impurities. There are four types of iron and steel industry slags, namely, the blast furnace (BF) iron slag, the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) the steel slag, the electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag, and the ladle furnace (LF) basic slag, called the secondary refining slag or the white slag. Steel slag can be utilized in many different areas such as soil conditioners, fertilizers, sinter material, production of cement and concrete, and so forth [6]. Each type of slag has its own characteristics such as the use of ground granulated BF iron slag, as an addition to the Portland cement. Good examples are found in agriculture for the correction of soil acidity and in cement industry as raw material for the Portland clinker fabrication [7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
