Characterization of Kilohertz-Ignited Nonthermal He and He/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">${\rm O}_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Plasma Pencil for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

In this paper, an atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma pencil generated in helium and helium/ oxygen gas mixtures was characterized in detail for its discharge characteristics, plasma power, reactive plasma species produced, plasma density, and plasma temperatures using electrical and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) diagnostics, and its efficacy for biomedical application. A visible plasma plume length of approximately 27 mm was generated using a 60-kHz ac HV power supply. The OES results showed the most intensive plasma emission lines of OH transition A <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Σ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> (v = 0, 1)→X <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Π(Δν = 0) at 308 nm and OH transition A <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Σ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> (v = 0, 1)→X <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Π(Δν = 1) at 287 nm, O I transition 3p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> P→3s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> at 777.41 nm, O I transition 3p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> P→3s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> at 844.6 nm, and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (C-B) second positive system with electronic transition C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> Π <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> →B <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> Π <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> in the range 300-450 nm. The effects of controlled oxygen content on the plasma pencil and on various helium plasma emissions and electrical properties are studied. A spatial distribution of reactive plasma species produced by the plasma pencil is presented. The electron density of plasma jet was estimated to be in the order of 2.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> using Stark broadening line profile of the hydrogen alpha emission. The temperatures of afterglow plasma pencil were evaluated using OH rotational temperatures, and the results demonstrate temperatures of 316 and 362 K for pure He and He/O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas mixtures (0.1% O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), respectively. Preliminary results on inactivation of Streptococcus pneumoniae on a solid surface and in liquid suspension were carried out using the plasma pencil for biomedical applications.