Characterization of Ischemic Events and Use of Prescription Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Agents After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack

Abstract

Stroke patients are at risk for subsequent ischemic events; yet preventive therapy is often underused. An analysis was performed to determine the rate of secondary ischemic events and use of prescription antiplatelets or anticoagulants after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Patients age 25 years or older with a medical claim for stroke or TIA between July 1, 1998 and September 30, 1999 were identified from a managed care database. Patients sustaining a stroke or TIA within 6 months before the index event were excluded. Patients were categorized as hospitalized stroke, nonhospitalized stroke, or TIA and were followed for 24 months for a secondary stroke, TIA, or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Use of prescription antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents was determined for each subgroup. Over 2 years, subsequent stroke occurred in 5.8% of patients, TIA occurred in 3.8%, and AMI occurred in 4.9%. Death occurred in 32.3% during follow-up. Hospitalized stroke patients were the subgroup at highest risk, with a 7.6% stroke rate and a 45.4% death rate within 2 years. Prescription antiplatelet or warfarin therapy was given in 45.7% of hospitalized stroke cases, 29.5% of nonhospitalized stroke cases, and 39.2% of TIA cases. Against the background of current treatment, patients who suffer a stroke or TIA are at high risk of death and a subsequent stroke within 2 years. These outcomes highlight the importance of effective secondary stroke prevention efforts for those suffering acute stroke, whether or not they are hospitalized.