Abstract
Consumers may be exposed to aerosols that penetrate the lungs while applying cosmetics in a powder form. Toxic ingredients contained in aerosols can have a detrimental effect on the respiratory system. Two types of cosmetic powders were selected to evaluate the quantitative exposure of aerosols released from facial and eyeshadow products for five minutes. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphology of the cosmetic particles and to measure the inorganic components in the related aerosol. Deposition fractions were calculated using the International Commission on Radiological Protection model to evaluate the deposition patterns in the regions based on the respiratory tract. The aerosol dosage was calculated from the aerosol concentrations. For all cosmetic powders, 78% of aerosol deposition occurred in the head airways, while less than 2.5% was deposited in the tracheobronchial region, and less than 1% was deposited in the alveolar regions. The calculated dosage for this study was 700 µg for PM10 and 200 µg for PM2.5. This study presents a strategy for improving the sustainability of the cosmetic industry by providing a model for the quantitative evaluation and respiratory-based deposition of aerosols released from cosmetic powders.
Highlights
Cosmetics are attractive to consumers of various ages [1,2,3] because they enhance or change appearance without affecting the structure or function of the body [4]
The amount of aerosol PM released during the application of the makeup was measured using cosmetic powders and formed the basis for preparing product, environmental, and health evaluation strategies based on the sustainability of the cosmetic industry
The shape of the particles released from the original and cosmetic powders was characterized, and the amount of aerosol released during the application of the cosmetic product was quantified (Figures 2 and 3)
Summary
Cosmetics are attractive to consumers of various ages [1,2,3] because they enhance or change appearance without affecting the structure or function of the body [4]. In the United States alone, there are approximately 12,500 unique chemical ingredients approved for use in the manufacture of personal care products. The combination of active ingredients in cosmetics is essential for improving skin health in areas such as anti-aging, moisturizing, and acne treatment [8], and cosmetic manufacturers are constantly developing new products to meet the needs of users. The EC regulations, which took effect 11 July 2013, stipulate that cosmetics found in the European market must be safe for consumer health. Some commonly used cosmetics include products that can be rinsed immediately (e.g., shampoo, toothpaste), but each type of product includes a body emulsion that can touch the skin for several hours, especially a powder or spray that can be directly exposed to the body’s respiratory system
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