Abstract
Honey is a natural food derived from flowers nectar that has many health benefits. This reason made honey become one of category food product that has a risk to be adulterated because of economically motivation. This study was conducted for characterization and authentication of Indonesia wild honey (IWH) collected from seven geographical regions (Sumatra, Bangka Belitung, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara) and harvested during 2016–2018 based on physicochemical parameters, sugar content, minerals, and antioxidant components. The study showed that the result differs widely among the type of honey. IWH has a moisture content between 16.52- 33.41%, a pH value between 3.00 to 4.65 and color characteristic ranged from pale yellow to dark brown. All samples contain the highest amount in potassium, but several minerals found in the specific region. Evaluation of authenticity from sugar content data set by principal component analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) revealed that the authentic and adulterated honey samples could be differentiated with a 95.5% accuracy. The honey samples were classified on their botanical and geographical origin using the antioxidant properties, and results of PCA and LDA demonstrated that the antioxidant parameters can provide adequate information to allow classification of the various types of IWH samples collected from different geographical regions with accuracy 80-100% for Bangka Belitung, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara and Java island
Highlights
We describe the results of the analysis of Indonesia wild honey (IWH) and its properties and about the authentication process using the properties of honey
The results of color analysis of the wild honey samples collected from seven regions in Indonesia demonstrated high variability ranging from a light tone to an almost black yellow tone, with the L * value in the range of 43.65–59.77, the b * value in the range of 1.28– 7.69, and the c * value in the range of 0.19–14.26 (Table 1)
In this study, based on the region of origin, it was observed that the honey collected in Java had a degree of variation of L with the lowest value, and the honey in this area was brightly colored compared to some of the darker honey samples collected from areas such as Bangka Belitung and Sulawesi
Summary
Honey is a natural product obtained by honeybees from nectar or honeydew. It has been used as a valuable diet and medicine since ancient times. But its high sugar content can suppress this taste; the average pH of honey is 3.9 (Ball, 2007) Another distinctive property of honey is its color. A. dorsata is the largest among other honey bee species This species is grown only in the subtropical and tropical Asian countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines, India, and Nepal and is not found out of Asia. This bee is the most productive in producing honey compared with other species, which constructs a single vertical comb that hangs on the branches and twigs of trees, open ceiling, and the cliff rocks.
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