Characterization of human knee and chin adipose-derived stromal cells.

Magali Kouidhi,Jérôme Aubert,Corinne Ménigot,Bérengère Chignon-Sicard,Christian Dani,Yves Rival,Carine M Mounier,David Piwnica,Phi Villageois

doi:10.1155/2015/592090

Abstract

Animal study findings have revealed that individual fat depots are not functionally equivalent and have different embryonic origins depending on the anatomic location. Mouse bone regeneration studies have also shown that it is essential to match the Hox code of transplanted cells and host tissues to achieve correct repair. However, subcutaneous fat depots from any donor site are often used in autologous fat grafting. Our study was thus carried out to determine the embryonic origins of human facial (chin) and limb (knee) fat depots and whether they had similar features and molecular matching patterns. Paired chin and knee fat depots were harvested from 11 subjects and gene expression profiles were determined by DNA microarray analyses. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) from both sites were isolated and analyzed for their capacity to proliferate, form clones, and differentiate. Chin and knee fat depots expressed a different HOX code and could have different embryonic origins. ASCs displayed a different phenotype, with chin-ASCs having the potential to differentiate into brown-like adipocytes, whereas knee-ASCs differentiated into white adipocytes. These results highlighted different features for these two fat sites and indicated that donor site selection might be an important factor to be considered when applying adipose tissue in cell-based therapies.

Highlights

Autologous fat grafting remains the gold standard therapy for soft tissue defects, correction or, augmentation in reconstructive and plastic surgery
A large-scale transcriptomic analysis was performed using Affymetrix technology to compare the transcriptome from knee versus chin adipose tissues
Lineage tracing experiments in mice allow establishing a neuroectodermic/neural crest and mesodermic embryonic origins for adipose tissues located in the face and trunk, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Autologous fat grafting remains the gold standard therapy for soft tissue defects, correction or, augmentation in reconstructive and plastic surgery. Autologous fat grafting is useful after tumor removal, for breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy, to repair extensive facial deformities caused by injury, illness, or congenital abnormalities. A commercial device for ASC isolation and reinjection preparation has recently received FDA approval, illustrating the increased use of adipose tissues and ASCs for a broad range of cell-based therapies [3]. There are still controversies and unresolved questions regarding autologous fat grafting due to the unpredictability of postoperative outcomes. The main disadvantages of this technique are variable engraftment and resorption rates, microcalcification, and cyst formation due to fat necrosis [4]. Greater cellular and molecular knowledge regarding adipose tissues is essential to improve postoperative outcomes

Methods

Results

Conclusion