Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers, including melanoma and nonmelanoma cancer. Melanoma can be easily detected by the observation of abnormal moles, but nonmelanoma signs and symptoms are not apparent in the early stages. We use the Stokes-Mueller matrix decomposition method to detect nonmelanoma at the early stage by decomposing the characteristics of polarized light interacting with normal and cancerous tissues. With this decomposition method, we extract nine optical parameters from biological tissues, namely the LB orientation angle (α), the LB phase retardance (β), the CB optical rotation angle (γ), the LD orientation angle (θd), the linear dichroism (D), the circular dichroism (R), the degrees of linear depolarization (e1 and e2), the degree of circular depolarization (e3), and the depolarization index (Δ). The healthy skin and the induced nonmelanoma skin cancer of mice are analyzed and compared based on their optical parameters. We find distinctive ranges of values for normal skin tissue and nonmelanoma skin cancer, in which β and D in cancerous tissue are larger and nonmelanoma skin becomes less depolarized. This research creates an innovative solid foundation for the diagnosis of skin cancer in the future.
Highlights
Our skin, the largest organ of our body, is the first line of defense for preventing microorganisms, chemicals, and UV light from directly damaging vulnerable inner organs
We applied the analytical technique of Pham and Lo28–30 to extract nine effective parameters, including the linear birefringence (LB) orientation angle (α), the LB phase retardance (β), the circular birefringence (CB) optical rotation angle (γ), the LD orientation angle, the linear dichroism (D), the circular dichroism (R), the degrees of linear depolarization (e1 and e2), the degree of circular depolarization (e3), and the depolarization index (Δ), of healthy and skin cancer samples
The research has revealed the polarization characteristics of nonmelanoma skin cancer in mice using the decoupled analytical technique based on Stokes polarimetry and Mueller matrix decomposition method
Summary
The largest organ of our body, is the first line of defense for preventing microorganisms, chemicals, and UV light from directly damaging vulnerable inner organs. Overexposure to those pathogens, toxins, or rays, does harm to our skin, for example, sunburn, burns, and acne. The early detection of nonmelanoma skin cancer is a must. A biopsy is invasive, costly, and can result in the scar on the face or the neck.[2] The diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer has been of great interest to the search for new noninvasive techniques. The optical diagnostic techniques were researched and applied by different approaches,[3] such as confocal microscopy,[4,5] optical coherence tomography,[6,7] and spectroscopy.[8]
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