Abstract
We consider the effects introduced by hardware impairments on the estimation of the direction of arrival (DoA) deploying a multiple antenna radio system. We derive a system model from experimental measurements of a state-of-the-art hardware test bed based on an RF direct-conversion architecture. The system model includes DC offsets, carrier frequency and phase offsets, and the phase noise. Then, we propose a simple digital compensation algorithm of the impairments for bidimensional DoA estimation (azimuth and elevation) with a 3D orthogonal linear array. The robustness of the algorithm in terms of minimum-mean-squared error as a function of the hardware impairments is evaluated and compared with that achieved using the root-MUSIC algorithm.
Highlights
The estimation of the direction of arrival (DoA) in wireless radio systems with the use of antenna arrays has attracted considerable interest
The contribution of this paper is threefold: (a) we report the results of experimental measurements and we derive a system model for a typical directconversion hardware architecture that is affected by DC offsets, carrier frequency offsets, phase offsets, and phase noise; (b) we propose a simple compensation algorithm that copes with such impairments and allows 2D DoA estimation using L-shaped arrays; (c) we report several performance results obtained via simulations and compare them with those attained with a 2D root-MUSIC algorithm [14] that we have appropriately adapted to be used in our specific context
We have reported several experimental results from measurements done on a test bed to derive a system model for a typical radio frequency (RF) direct-conversion hardware architecture affected by DC offsets, carrier frequency offsets, phase offsets, and phase noise
Summary
The estimation of the direction of arrival (DoA) in wireless radio systems with the use of antenna arrays has attracted considerable interest. We have observed the presence of DC offsets, phase noise, phase, and carrier frequency offsets, through the experimental development of a hardware test bed that deploys a stateof-the-art multichannel direct-conversion receiver followed by an acquisition board based on the Lyrtech platform [10]. These hardware impairments are usually considered in the context of data transmission systems, for example, in [11,12,13], they are often neglected in the context of DoA estimation with antenna arrays.
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