Abstract
Characterization of genetic variation and basis of inflammatory bowel disease in the Toll-like receptor 5 gene of the red wolf and the maned wolf
Highlights
With the perils of habitat fragmentation, hunting and disease threatening in situ populations, the viability of ex situ populations is becoming increasingly relevant to the survival of many species
We report novel polymorphisms in these previously unsampled threatened species and differing variability in Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) among 4 canid species: the maned wolf, red wolf, gray wolf and domestic dog
Neither of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in maned wolves were found to be polymorphic in domestic dog and only 1 red wolf SNP was common to domestic dogs (A729G)
Summary
With the perils of habitat fragmentation, hunting and disease threatening in situ populations, the viability of ex situ populations is becoming increasingly relevant to the survival of many species. This study focuses on 2 canid species: the Critically Endangered. The red wolf, a canid that was once endemic to the southeastern United States, was declared extinct in the wild in 1980 due to habitat loss, hunting and the introgression of coyote genes Due to this introgression, the taxonomic status of the red wolf is highly controversial, with many studies indicating that the red wolf is a hybrid species between gray wolves and coyotes while others insisting it is a distinct species (Gese et al 2015). The maned wolf faces many challenges (Ratter et al 1997, Deem & Emmons 2005, Maia & Gouveia 2002); as of 2008 the highly fragmented in situ maned wolf population was estimated at only 17 000 mature individuals and is predicted to decline by at least 10% in the 10 yr (Paula et al 2008)
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