Abstract
Background: Acute leukemias (ALs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with various clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics. Distinguishing between lymphoid and myeloid leukemia is often performed by flow cytometry. This study aimed to evaluate the immunophenotypic characterization and expression of immuno-markers in both acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M0) and acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pathology Department/Teaching Laboratories/Medical City/Iraq and included all patients newly diagnosed with AL from 5 January to 10 December 2018. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed on bone marrow samples, freshly collected in EDTA tubes. Flow cytometry (Canto-2 BD) was used, with laser excitation of blue and red wavelengths. A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) was used for diagnosis, using a SSC/CD45 gating strategy. Results: The study showed 41.6% of AML-M0 patients had no aberrant antigen expression, while 33.3%, 16.6%, 8.3%, and 8.3% had aberrant CD7, CD56, CD2, and CD19, respectively. In 16.6% of AML-M0 cases more than one aberrant antigen was expressed. With regard to T-ALL, 7.0% were pro-T type, 58.0% were pre-T, 13.0% were cortical, and 22.0% were mature-T type. In 55.5% of patients with T-ALL there was no aberrant antigen expression. Conclusion: We concluded that most patients with AML-M0 have no aberrant antigen expression. In patients with T-ALL, the pre-T type is most common, according to the European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukemias (EGIL) classification. Patients with T-ALL also generally lack aberrant antigen expression.
Highlights
There are many characteristic categories of leukemia, which have well known prognoses and specific treatments
We the population proportion based on historical data from our center, whereby we found 50% of those attending were eligible for the study or in other words 50% were diagnosed with T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or AML-M0
A total of 69 patients were newly diagnosed with Acute leukemias (ALs); 24 patients with AML-M0, 12 females and 12 males; and 45 patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), 40 males and 5 females, as shown in Figure 1, the age and sex of patients is shown in Table 2 and Table 310
Summary
There are many characteristic categories of leukemia, which have well known prognoses and specific treatments. Differentiation between lymphoid and myeloid leukemia is performed using flow cytometry[1]. The analysis of acute leukemia immunophenotypic done by flow cytometry, this method recently become a tool for distinguishing between myeloid and lymphoid lineages. The cornerstone of leukemia diagnosis, according WHO includes morphology and cytogenetics. Acute leukemias (ALs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with various clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics. Distinguishing between lymphoid and myeloid leukemia is often performed by flow cytometry. Results: The study showed 41.6% of AML-M0 patients had no aberrant antigen expression, while 33.3%, 16.6%, 8.3%, and 8.3% had aberrant CD7, CD56, CD2, and CD19, respectively. Conclusion: We concluded that most patients with AML-M0 have no aberrant antigen expression. In patients with T-ALL, the pre-T type is Invited Reviewers version 1
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