Characterization of Five Meloidogyne incognita Effectors Associated with PsoRPM3.

Wenjiang Pu,Kun Xiao,Sifang Luo,Haifeng Zhu,Zizhen Yuan,Jianfang Hu,Chaoyuan Gao

doi:10.3390/ijms23031498

Wenjiang Pu, Kun Xiao + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031498

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Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are devastating parasites that invade thousands of plants. In this study, five RKN effectors, which might interact with Prunus sogdiana resistance protein PsoRPM3, were screened and identified. In situ hybridisation results showed that MiCal, MiGST_N_4, MiEFh and MiACPS are expressed in the subventral oesophageal glands (SvG), and MiTSPc hybridization signals are found in the dorsal esophageal gland (DG) of Meloidogyne incognita in the pre-J2. RT-qPCR data indicated that the expression of MiCal, MiGST_N_4, MiEFh, and MiACPS genes are highly expressed in M. incognita of pra-J2 and J3/J4 stages. The expression of MiTSPc increased significantly in the female stage of M. incognita. Moreover, all effectors found in this study localize in the cytoplasm and nucleus when transiently expressed in plant cells. In addition, MiGST_N_4, MiEFh, MiACPS and MiTSPc can elicit the ROS burst and strong hypersensitive response (HR), as well as significant ion leakage. Our data suggest that MiGST_N_4, MiEFh, MiACPS and MiTSPc effectors may be involved in triggering the immune response of the host plant.

Highlights

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) are among the biggest threats to agricultural production around the world, causing over $80 billion of losses annually [1,2]
Immunoprecipitation (IP) combined with liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay was performed to screen for its M. incognita interactors (Supplementary Table S1)
Root-knot nematodes spend most of their life cycle inside the host root and feed on living tissue

Summary

Introduction

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) are among the biggest threats to agricultural production around the world, causing over $80 billion of losses annually [1,2]. Tremendous numbers of crops and trees are seriously invaded by root-knot nematodes [3,4,5]. RKNs infect the roots of crops and hinder the absorption of water and nutrients, leading to retardation and reduction in growth and development, resulting in a decline in yield and quality [6]. Root-knot nematodes deliver nematode secretions (effectors) to plant cells via their stylets, suppressing plant defenses and inducing and/or maintaining feeding sites, i.e., the giant cells (GCs) [7]. Multinucleated cells developed by giant cells through intranuclear replication are the only source of nutrients for the growth and development of root-knot nematodes [2,8,9]. The function for many effectors has still not been elucidated

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