Abstract
In this paper, two residues of liquid biofuels production were tested: dry distiller’s grains with solubles and palm kernel cake. The fuels were tested in a heated foil reactor inserted in a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer under fast pyrolysis conditions: a heating rate of 600 °C/s and final temperatures ranging from 500 to 1300 °C. The fuels were also pretreated by water leaching to remove water-soluble inorganic compounds. A numerical model of the unloaded system was developed to gain better insight into the temperature and velocity profiles in the reactor and on the foil. The model allowed the detection of zones of high temperature and low velocity around the hot foil, indicating that secondary reactions are likely. Moreover, temperature validation with an InfraRed pyrometer indicated that the temperature measured by the control thermocouple is on average about 15% (in °C) lower than the actual foil temperature. The product composition and final yields of volatile species were measured at diffe...
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