Abstract
The research on geological landscape has received more and more attention worldwide. The National Geological Park of Qian-an mud forest, located in Qian-an Country, Songyuan City (Jilin Province, China) is a rare natural geological landscape formed by erosion. Mud forest landscape has undergone long-term geological processes, and it is still in continuous evolution due to subsurface erosion. In the process of the mud forest landscape formation and evolution, distinct stages have been recognized. The subsurface erosion factors of the mud forest area were identified by groundwater and soil samples characterization, and the mechanism of the formation of the mud forest is studied. Results show that the occurrence of subsurface erosion is controlled by four factors: (1) The head difference of terrace increases due to geological structure, (2) The dry and cold paleoclimate increases the accumulation of soluble salts. Concentrated precipitation in the short term also promotes subsurface erosion. (3) The high content of sodium ions in groundwater promotes the dispersion of soil, and (4) Loess-like soil is characterized by high porosity, low plasticity, and dispersibility.
Highlights
Soil erosion is a global problem and poses major issues in many countries [1,2]
Mud forest landscape is a rare erosion landscape protected by the state because of its unique environmental features
After geological survey and analysis, mud forest landscape is the product of long‐term geological processes
Summary
Soil erosion is a global problem and poses major issues in many countries [1,2]. Soil erosion can increase run-off by changing soil properties and by destroying topsoil structure and reducing water holding capacity [3,4]. Mud forestgiving is a very fragile geological landscape and site in China with[46] These geological features, the area a high aesthetic and scientific suffers from serious soil erosion. Order of to maintain mud forest stable for a long time, itresearches is necessary understand landscape been carried out, including Previous the formation mechanism, development and utilization, the causes have of such landscape degradation. The formation of the mud forest has was not been clearly previous studies In order for this landscape to remain stable for a long time, it is necessary to analyzed since the influence of interflow was ignored in previous studies. The same time, the same factors affecting the subsurface in mud forest area were forest area were analyzed in details in order to provide theoretical basis for landscape protection.
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